Hey, you know me - keep it simple. Here’s the explication about the vacuum in the boiler…
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You have [let’s just say] a 750cc boiler space.
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You put in 500cc of water and close the filler up. There is 250cc free space for the production of steam. Becuase the system is now sealed by the filler cap, that’s all the free space there will ever be in there, and it’s air at atmospheric pressure, until steam starts to get generated into its space.
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So you boil the water, producing steam that travels a high pressure down the pipes and into the cylinders, then out of the stack.
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You are USING up that water in a sealed container, capisce?
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In your steaming session you’ve just boiled off, say, 300cc of water - without a blow-down valve on that model, you let the boiler cool down. You now have a sealed vessel - the boiler - with a 300cc size ‘hole’ in the water. Remember, it’s all sealed in, no air can get in to replace it…
So what fills that ‘hole’?
The answer is - nothing - it’s a partial vacuum now, hence the difficulty in removing the filler cap.
That partial vacuum is enough on a full-size Shay to enable them to connect one end of a syphon hose to a valve on the boiler, dump the other end in a handy stream, open the valve, and suck up a few hudred gallons of water at the trackside without the use of a water tower.
Trust me on this one.
Best
tac
Ottawa Valley GRS