The association that bears no name, that is to say, the NMRA, has a table of weights to be added to H0 and N scale cars to go some way to replicating a more realistic load behind locomotives in those scales.
I can’t recall the formula, but I’m sure that some of you clever folks can.
I agree with Mr Ness - we are not actually running revenue trains here, with locomotives straining to haul one last loaded car up Maria’s Pass.
There are genuine physical reasons why we don’t do that - I’ve rarely seen a large scale lash-up of five or six AC4400-series or Dash 9, eighty cars, another three/four big dismals, another thirty cars, and a couple of pushers. On both sides of the Columbia River, and the Fraser, that is not so exceptional.
I’ve only once seen a genuine 100-car train in Gauge 1, although Youtube has one in 1/29th, I recall. Marty Cozad runs HUGE trains, and so did another gentleman in GR with an even larger desert-localae track and many big locos.
Most of us, me included, settle for an affordable reality.
tac
PS - having said that, I recall that a pal of mine here in UK DOES haul hundred car trains, but in N scale. His fifty/sixty-foot long trains really do snake around his 250-foot layout in a custom extension to his garage, but he IS an exception.